Should we call them Byzantines or Romans? (video version of this post)
speed drawing — Roman cavalryman
A time lapse illustration of a Roman auxiliary cavalryman, from the early 2nd century AD.
speed drawing — After Rome
A time lapse illustration of infantrymen from several different parts of the empire after the end of the Western Roman Empire.
How much can we blame barbarisation of the Roman army in leading to the end of the western empire in AD476?
Introduction
The ‘barbarisation’ of the Roman army has become a popular explanation for the end of the Roman Empire. While the empire possessed a strong army of professional Roman soldiers, it could not fail; therefore its end in AD476 was the result, directly or indirectly, of the failure of the army. And since by the fifth century AD the army had come to incorporate many non-Romans into its ranks, logic follows that this ‘de-romanisation’ of the army – the deterioration of Roman military discipline, the end of the legions of the Principate – made the army ineffective and weak.¹
Continue reading “How much can we blame barbarisation of the Roman army in leading to the end of the western empire in AD476?”byzantine or roman?
Byzantine or Roman?
I recognise that there are lots of reasons for calling them Romans — possibly I’d even say that’s the label that on balance makes a bit more sense. But I still lean toward calling them Byzantines.
Continue reading “byzantine or roman?”12 — the experience and effects of WW2
Study Overview
- The state of the USSR in 1924: the power struggle after Lenin’s death, and Stalin’s victory
- Economic policies: collectivisation and the Five Year Plans
- State control: the purges and the cult of personality
- Daily life in Stalin’s USSR
- The Soviet experience of WW2, and how it shaped the USSR after the war
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The Soviet Experience of WW2, and its Effects
In this unit
- The course of the war
- Why was the German invasion initially so successful?
- Why did the Soviets eventually win the war?
- Was WW2 a turning point in Soviet history?
11 — Daily life in Stalin’s USSR
Study Overview
- The state of the USSR in 1924: the power struggle after Lenin’s death, and Stalin’s victory
- Economic policies: collectivisation and the Five Year Plans
- State control: the purges and the cult of personality
- Daily life in Stalin’s USSR
- The Soviet experience of WW2, and how it shaped the USSR after the war
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Daily Life in Stalin’s USSR
In this unit
- Living conditions in the USSR, rural and urban
- Living and working conditions for women
- Stalin’s treatment of ethnic minorities
- Stalin’s education and religious policies
the whole story of the Bible in 5 parts
The Creation
The story of the Bible begins with chaos. In the beginning God creates the sky and the earth, but the earth is covered with water and nothing else. It’s shapeless and terrifying. And then God decides to speak — with his word he speaks things into being. He speaks and the sun and moon shine; he speaks and time exists; he speaks and the mountains rise up; he speaks and vines, apple trees, and rainforests spring from the ground; he speaks and whales and eels swim, seagulls and sparrows soar, and lizards, ants, mice, dogs, and elephants wander around. God is now King of all creation. But he’s not done yet — he wants to share all this with people. And so he makes a man and a woman to be just like him, to think like him, speak like him, and be together with him for all time. The King now has his people to love and to take care of what he created — everything is good, everything is at peace.
[This part of the Bible story covers Genesis chapters 1 and 2. It’s one of the most famous parts of the Bible. In recent years it’s been used to try to argue for or against scientific ideas such as evolution or the age of the earth. There’s a lot to unpack there, more than we have space to talk about here, but at least we can say that Genesis chapters 1 and 2 focus on God’s role as King of creation, rather than how exactly he created everything. And in fact that role is one of the first and most important building blocks of the Bible story — very little in the Bible will make sense if we don’t accept this as truth.]
Continue reading “the whole story of the Bible in 5 parts”speed drawing — Random Ancient Warriors
A time lapse illustration of an assortment of ancient warriors, from the 13th century BC to the 7th century AD
10 — Stalin’s propaganda machine
Study Overview
- The state of the USSR in 1924: the power struggle after Lenin’s death, and Stalin’s victory
- Economic policies: collectivisation and the Five Year Plans
- State control: the purges and the cult of personality
- Daily life in Stalin’s USSR
- The Soviet experience of WW2, and how it shaped the USSR after the war
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Stalin’s Propaganda Machine
In this unit
- The reasons for state-controlled thought in the USSR
- The methods and results of state-controlled thought in the USSR